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Authors
Montalbano, Simone
Bragi Walters, G.
Jonsson, Gudbjorn F.
Gådin, Jesper R.
Werge, Thomas
Gudbjartsson, Daniel F.
Stefansson, Hreinn
Ingason, Andrés
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Copenhagen University
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The use of Icelandic data was approved by the National Bioethics Committee (NBC) (nos. VSN-16-067 and VSN-21-24). All genotyped participants signed a written informed consent allowing the use of their samples and data in projects at deCODE genetics approved by the NBC. Data was anonymised and encrypted using a third-party system, approved and monitored by the Icelandic Data Protection Authority [ ]. The UKB data were obtained under application no. 42256. All participants provided written informed consent for the use of genotype data and link to electronic health records. The North West Research Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the UKB protocol (ref. 06/MRE08/65).
: The 1000 Genomes Project data were obtained from The International Genome Sample Resource ( internationalgenome.org ) and are consented for public distribution without access or use restrictions.
: Authors affiliated with Amgen deCODE genetics (GBW, GFJ, DFG and HS) declare competing financial interests as employees. Other authors declare no competing interests.
