Steiner, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-6347
Drothler, Stephan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-5180
Höpner, Jan P. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1788-1297
Geisberger, Roland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0131-2191
Zaborsky, Nadja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-185X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Province of Salzburg, Austria (WISS 2025 (Cancer Cluster Salzburg, CCSIII-IOS))
Austrian Science Fund (https://doi.org/10.55776/P32762)
Article History
Received: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 20 August 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: Experiments involving a wild type mouse to provide gating test data with the spatialgater package were approved by the Austrian animal ethics committee of the Federal Ministry of Education, Science, and Research ( Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung ; approval number: BMBWF 2023−0.644.528). The animal (C57BL/6J) was bred and maintained by our institution in the animal facility of the University of Salzburg in ventilated cages. The mouse was sacrificed by CO 2 inhalation euthanasia, in line with the guidelines of the Austrian animal ethics committee and the guidelines of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).
Consent to participate: Not applicable (see Data availability).
Consent for publication: Not applicable (see Data availability).