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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study exclusively utilized commercially available, established human cervical carcinoma cell lines. No primary human tissues or patient-derived samples were collected, and no human subjects were directly involved. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required in accordance with institutional and national guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.