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Probable developmental, neurological and evolutionary trend in complex morphological structures: foramen magnum outlines analytic comparisons in four orders; Chiroptera: (Eidolon helvum), (Tadarida brachyptera), Pholidota (Phataginus tricuspis), Eulipotyphla (Atelerix albiventris) and Carnivora (Canis familiaris)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02381-z

Published Online: 2025-05-21

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Samuel, Oluwale Michael

Igado, Olumayowa Olawumi
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-05-21

Version of Record valid from 2025-05-21
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Article History

Received: 24 May 2024

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 21 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approvals were granted in adherence to Animal Care and Use, Research Ethics Committee (ACUREC) University of Ibadan Nigeria ethical code number (UIACUREC/17/0023) and the College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria (FUAM/CVM/EC/2018/022). All standard procedures for NIH animal care and handling were observed.

: Both authors consented to publish this manuscript in BMC.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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