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Authors
Massa, Piergiorgio https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8683-7264
Leitão, Henrique G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-4590
Manousaki, Tereza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-0542
Cariani, Alessia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-0086
Svardal, Hannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-7313
Tsaparis, Dimitris https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-5553
Cannas, Rita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-4053
Zane, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-2132
De Pooter, Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-5464
Spedicato, Maria Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-9426
Strazisar, Mojca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-3408
Ciofi, Claudio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-8659
Ferrari, Alice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3499-8396
Diedericks, Genevieve https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-8906
Diroma, Maria Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-8946
Formenti, Giulio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-5991
Ivanova, Petya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7487-9033
Mc Cartney, Ann M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200
Mouton, Alice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8789
Natali, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-171X
Marino, Ilaria AM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1548-1404
Tsigenopoulos, Costas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-7941
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1156622N)
Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME/EMFF/2017/1.3.2.3/01/SI2.793201, EASME/EMFF/2017/1.3.2.3/01/SI2.793201, EASME/EMFF/2017/1.3.2.3/01/SI2.793201, EASME/EMFF/2017/1.3.2.3/01/SI2.793201)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: All samples used in this study were obtained from either commercial fishing operations or scientific research surveys, conducted in accordance with the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy (Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013). To facilitate the collection of samples from southern and eastern Mediterranean countries, a liaison was established between the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE), the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Regional Projects, within the framework of the Data Collection Regulation Framework (DCRF). The fishing operations involved the harvest of fish through standard practices, which inherently result in mortality. No experimental procedures were conducted on live animals, and as such, ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
