Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 August 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All necessary permissions for field sampling were obtained prior to data collection. Sampling in the Sheko semi-forest coffee system was carried out with prior informed consent from relevant landowners and/or local community leaders, and with formal authorization from the Sheko District Administrative and Agricultural Offices. Collections took place on both private and public lands, in full compliance with Ethiopian regulations governing plant specimen collection.

: Not applicable: this manuscript has no personal data from the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.