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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Declarations

:

: We obtained a research permit, methods and protocols approved by national authorities “Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable” (MEDD) Number:191/22/MEDD/DGGE/DAPRNE/SCBE.Re to conduct all observations and data collection. Using the same methodology described in Brady and Griffiths [ ] for chameleons survey published by the IUCN, in different localities in Madagascar using non-lethal sampling and observation methods following the IUCN Guidelines on the Implementation of the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction, with special reference to Scientific Collecting of Threatened Species. Animals were held individually in cloth bags prior to tissue being taken if necessary before releasing them in the same roosting areas (due to many captures in a short time period), and kept under dark, cool conditions; exposure to sun was avoided. Our study follows all regulations on the ethical treatment of wild animals under scientific investigation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.