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Authors
Karlebowski, Susan
Egerer, Monika
Neumann, Astrid E.
Schmack, Julia M.
Sexton, Aaron N.
Sturm, Ulrike
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: All bee sampling was approved by the respective regional government agencies in Berlin (Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz) and Munich (Regierung von Oberbayern (Landkreis München, Landkreis Freising)). Participation of gardeners did not cause any physical or mental harm or discomfort beyond the participants’ everyday experiences. Participants were informed about the project’s objectives and potential use of their contributions. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. The results do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about individual participants. The approval of an ethics committee is not required for such research in Germany and was therefore not obtained. The study was conducted in line with the German data protection law.
: Not applicable.
: Note: DeepL and ChatGPT were used as translation aids and for linguistic improvement. The content of the suggestions was checked before any changes were made to the text based on them.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
