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Authors
Griffiths, Sarah M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-049X
Bertolotti, Alicia C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-6337
Salinas-de-León, Pelayo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-8373
Morris, Rebecca
Truelove, N. Kobun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2236-1849
Box, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-0556
Preziosi, Richard F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-6655
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mohammed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund
The Lindblad National Geographic Conservation Fund
Helmsley Charitable Trust
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Declarations
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: Samples were collected with permission of the Galápagos National Park Directorate (permit PC-25-14). This study did not require ethical approval under UK legislation. All fish tissue samples used in this research were obtained post-mortem from individuals that had been killed as part of routine artisanal fishery operations, independent of this study. No animals were sacrificed specifically for research purposes, and no live animals were handled or subjected to experimental procedures. As such, the work falls outside the scope of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and does not require Home Office licensing or institutional ethical review.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
