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Article History

Received: 22 December 2025

Accepted: 29 June 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics declaration: Not applicable. This study is purely observational and involves the classification of bird images. No experiments were conducted on animals.

Consent to publish declaration: Not applicable.

Consent to participate declaration: Not applicable.

AI usage declaration: AI-assisted technology was utilized in the preparation of this article to enhance language clarity and improve readability. The technology was employed solely for language refinement, ensuring better coherence and presentation of the content, without influencing the scientific analysis or findings.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.