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Authors
Häfliger, Irene M.
Sickinger, Marlene
Holsteg, Mark
Raeder, Leif M.
Henrich, Manfred
Marquardt, Siegfried
Drögemüller, Cord http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-522X
Lühken, Gesine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2020
Accepted: 14 May 2020
First Online: 24 May 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study did not require official or institutional ethical approval as it was not experimental but part of clinical and pathological veterinary diagnostics. The animals were handled according to good ethical standards and German legislation (German Animal Welfare Act from 15th May 2006, last amended on 20th November 2019). A formal ethics approval for the euthanasia of the affected calves was not needed as this complies with §4 of the German Animal Welfare Act. The affected calves were euthanized by intravenous injection of an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (500 mg/mL), performed by MS. The aim was to identify the cause of the congenital disorder and thereby improve the animal welfare situation on the farm. Written consent was obtained from the cattle owner.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they no competing interests.
