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Authors
Olowojuni, Oluwafemi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-7610
Oyebola, Oyediran Olusegun
Olaifa, Flora Eyibio
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: Specimens of Pseudotolithus elongatus and Pseudotolithus typus analyzed in this research were obtained immediately after capture from artisanal fishers operating at local landing sites in Awoye, Ayetoro, and Idi-Ogba, situated along the Gulf of Guinea, Ondo State, Nigeria. These fish were acquired as part of regular commercial fishing practices rather than through the intentional capture or euthanasia of live animals for scientific purposes. Consequently, no live animals were handled, and ethical clearance from an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB) was not required. Access to the sampling locations and collection of specimens was granted by local fisheries cooperatives and community leaders. All procedures adhered to institutional and national guidelines on the use of animal tissues in scientific research and were in full compliance with relevant Nigerian laws governing coastal and marine research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
