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Authors
Kahar, Ummirul Mukminin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3041-985X
Md Nor, Najiha Atiqah https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2945-3564
Wan Izanni, Wan Nur Izrena https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5001-6785
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kurita Water and Environment Foundation (KWEF Overseas Research Grant Program 2024 (grant number 24Pmy033))
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
