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Article History

Received: 26 October 2018

Accepted: 18 March 2019

First Online: 5 April 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethiopian samples were collected as part of Mr. Abebabay Kebede PhD study, blood samples procedures were approved by and followed International Livestock Research IAUC guidelines (Reference Number IACUC-RC2017–21). Samples were dispatched in the UK following International Guidelines (Nagoya Protocol) and the approval of the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity. Czech Republic samples were collected under the approval of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (permits no. 34712/2010–30 and 13,882/2011–30). Nigerian birds handling and experiments were conducted following the guidelines stipulated by University of Nigeria Research Ethics Committee on animal handling and use. Pirbright inbred samples were collected from birds housed at The Pirbright Institute, as authorised under its Home Office Establishment Licence and in accordance with the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Bred, Supplied or Used for Scientific Purposes. Birds were euthanized following neck dislocation. The method results in immediate death and is recognized as an approved method under the UK Home Office legislation, Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.

: All authors consented to this publication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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