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Article History

Received: 17 August 2021

Accepted: 1 February 2022

First Online: 19 February 2022

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at Case Western Reserve University. Each individual cohort study was approved by the appropriate IRB in the corresponding institute and written consent from each individual was obtained in the study.<b>Amish:</b> All study protocols were approved by the institutional review board at the University of Maryland Baltimore. Informed consent was obtained from each study participant.<b>ARIC:</b> The ARIC study was approved by the IRBs of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Univerity of Minnesota, and Johns Hopkins University.<b>BioMe:</b> The BioMe cohort was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. All BioMe participants provided written, informed consent for genomic data sharing.<b>CARDIA:</b> All CARDIA participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.<b>CFS:</b> Cleveland Family Study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Case Western Reserve University and Mass General Brigham (formerly Partners HealthCare). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.<b>CHS:</b> All CHS participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board [or ethics review committee] of University Washington.<b>FHS:</b> The Framingham Heart Study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Boston University Medical Center. All study participants provided written informed consent.<b>GENOA:</b> The Framingham Heart Study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Boston University Medical Center. All study participants provided written informed consent.<b>GenSalt:</b> All subjects provided informed consent and the GenSalt study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of all participating institutes in the US and China.<b>GeneSTAR:</b> All participants provided written informed consent and the study was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board.<b>HCHS-SOL:</b> This study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) at each field center, where all participants gave written informed consent, and by the Non-Biomedical IRB at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to the HCHS/SOL Data Coordinating Center. All IRBs approving the study are: Non-Biomedical IRB at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC; Einstein IRB at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. Bronx, NY; IRB at Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (OPRS), University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago, IL; Human Subject Research Office, University of Miami. Miami, FL; Institutional Review Board of San Diego State University. San Diego, CA.<b>HyperGEN:</b> All HyperGEN participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Kentucky.<b>JHS:</b> The JHS study was approved by Jackson State University, Tougaloo College, and the University of Mississippi Medical Center IRBs, and all participants provided written informed consent.<b>MESA:</b> All MESA participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at The Lundquist Institute (formerly Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of Washington, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Northwestern University, University of Minnesota, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University.<b>SAFS:</b> All SAFS participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.<b>Samoan Study</b>: All Samoan study participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Brown University, and the Health Research Committee of the Samoa Ministry of Health.<b>THRV:</b> All THRV participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at The Lundquist Institute (formerly Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. All THRV participants provided informed consent, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Washington University in St. Louis.<b>WHI:</b> All WHI participants provided informed consent and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

: Not applicable.

: Karen Y. He is currently an employee of The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. This publication does not represent the views of her employer. Adam P. Bress receives research support to his institution from Novartis, Amgen, and Amarin. Bruce M. Psaty serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson.