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Article History

Received: 14 May 2024

Accepted: 8 November 2024

First Online: 23 December 2024

Declarations

:

: Human studies in the UK Biobank project have received approval from the Ethics and Governance Framework (EGF), which ensures data and sample usage adheres to scientific and ethical standards. The consent to participation will apply throughout the lifetime of the UK Biobank, unless participants withdraw, and involves the collection and storage of biological samples (blood, saliva, urine) and electronic health records (GP, hospitals, dental, prescriptions). Individual data is anonymized, with each research project receiving its own anonymized dataset. The ethics committee waived the need for written informed consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.