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Authors
Morris, Sam
Lin, Kuang
Millwood, Iona Y.
Yu, Canqing
Lv, Jun
Pei, Pei
Li, Liming
Sun, Dianjianyi
Davey Smith, George
Chen, Zhengming
Walters, Robin G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192901)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00032/01)
Wellcome Trust (212946/Z/18/Z)
UK Medical Research Council (MC-PC-13049)
Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186)
British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454)
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: Approval of the study was obtained from ethics committees or institutional review boards at the University of Oxford, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and all participating regions.
: This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
