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Authors
Shaw, Andrew E.
Lebani, Kebaneilwe
González Gordon, Lina
Ihearahu, Ugonna E.
Wadsworth, Jemma
Hicks, Hayley M.
Polo, Noemi
Freimanis, Graham
Muhanguzi, Dennis
Tennakoon, Chandana
Orton, Richard J.
Knowles, Nick J.
Di Nardo, Antonello
Waters, Ryan A.
Bronsvoort, Barend MdeC
King, Donald P.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government (SE2945, SE2945, SE2945, SE2945, SE2945, SE0574, SE2945, SE2945, SE2945, SE2945)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/RL/230002D, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BBS/E/RL/230002D, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003)
FAO European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Ninth Call EuFMD – Fund for Applied Research (EUFMD-FAR) – 2021, Ninth Call EuFMD – Fund for Applied Research (EUFMD-FAR) – 2021, Ninth Call EuFMD – Fund for Applied Research (EUFMD-FAR) – 2021, Ninth Call EuFMD – Fund for Applied Research (EUFMD-FAR) – 2021, Ninth Call EuFMD – Fund for Applied Research (EUFMD-FAR) – 2021)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 23 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: Samples were collected from animals experimentally infected with FMDV at the Pirbright Institute in accordance with local and national regulations. The farmer from whom the cattle for experimental infection were purchased was fully aware that the animals were purchased for the purpose of scientific research. All animals were euthanised via a Schedule 1 method (deemed most welfare friendly according to Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986).Written informed consent was obtained from all of the Ugandan farmers who provided access to their premises to collect samples from their animals. Study protocols were approved by the University of Edinburgh Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Board (AWERB, Ref: OS5-21) and Human Ethical Review Committee (HERC, Ref: HERC_2022_19) at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences), the Ugandan National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST, Ref: A217ES), and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, Ref: SVAR-IACUC/108/2022) at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources (SVAR), Makerere University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
