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Authors
Haynes, Austin M.
Ovadiuc, Cristian
Peterson, Glenna J.
Worodria, William
Nalukwago, Sophie
Muwanguzi, Timothy
Nsereko, Mary
Stein, Catherine M.
Dill-McFarland, Kimberly A.
Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet
Boom, W. Henry
Segnitz, R. Max
Hawn, Thomas R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (R01AI124348, R33AI138272)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151836)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: At time of re-tracing, all participants were HIV-negative and gave updated written informed consent which was approved by the institutional review boards of their associated institution. For minors (age < 18 years in Uganda), informed consent was obtained from a legal parent or guardian with concurrent assent obtained from the minor. All methods of this study were approved by Makerere University, CWRU, and the University of Washington institutional review boards (IRB).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
