Xu, Wuqin
Wei, Qianru
Wu, Bian
Zhu, Zhiqiang
Guan, Wenjun
Chen, Guangyong
Xu, Zhihao
Funding for this research was provided by:
the "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (2024SSYS0007)
the National Science Foundation of China (62376254)
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval NO.: K2024244), which also formally waived the requirement for informed consent, as the study used anonymized retrospective data with no direct contact with participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.