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Article History

Received: 28 August 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 19 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. There were no human subjects involved in this study. Vertebrate animals (mice) were used for all investigations and were maintained in accordance with the guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Services at the University of Hawaii and guidelines presented in National Research Council’s (NCR) “Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” published by Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) of the National Academy of Science, Bethesda, MD, 2011. The protocol for animal handling and treatment procedures was reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Hawaii (animal protocol number 06–010).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.