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Authors
Mapunda, Lawrence Amon
Kelly, Maria Ezekiely
Henerico, Shimba
Francis, Monica
Ituka, Azizi
Machange, Omega
Kisanga, Adela
Mushumbusi, Jackson Peter
Ndunguru, Ferdinand
Mauki, Ibrahim Ireneus
Machange, Olympia Godbless
Baluhya, Robert
Msuya, Japhet
Libenanga, Ramdhani
Mwafulango, Ambele
Van Heusden, Peter
Inzaule, Seth
Misinzo, Gerald
Moremi, Nyambura
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The samples collected and used in this study strictly adhere to the Helsinki Declaration. Permission to publish these data and to perform the analysis was obtained from the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NatHREC). The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the NatHREC (Certificate No. NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4916). Informed consent was waived by the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NatHREC).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
