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Authors
Namuli-Kayondo, Lilian
Nagi, Sanjay C
Nganga, Harun Njoroge
Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Anastasia
McDermott, Daniel P.
Gonahasa, Samuel
Lynd, Amy
Oruni, Ambrose
Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine
Opigo, Jimmy
Yeka, Adoke
Katureebe, Agaba
Kyohere, Mary
Kamya, Moses R.
Dorsey, Grant
Hemingway, Janet
Staedke, Sarah G
Nsobya, Samuel L
Nankabirwa, Joaniter I
Kayondo, Jonathan
Clarkson, Chris
Miles, Alistair
Lawniczak, Mara K N
Lucas, Eric R
Donnelly, Martin J
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1210750)
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: The current study did not involve human participants, human data or human tissue. The study was approved by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST Ref HS2176), Makerere University School of Medicine Research & Ethics Committee (SMOREC 2016 − 133), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (LSHTM Ref 12019) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (Ref 16–072), which sponsored the study. All research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines/regulations. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the head of household (or their designate) for all participating households.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
