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Article History

Received: 4 November 2025

Accepted: 4 March 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The Ixworth chickens were housed at the Campus Frankenforst of the Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences of the University of Bonn (53639 Königswinter, Germany), which is approved as a trial farm (39600305-547/17). Husbandry and management were in accordance with the German Ordinance on the Protection of Animals and the Keeping of Farm Animals (Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung, 2006; last revised in 2021). The study protocol was approved by the local animal welfare officer and the responsible committee of the Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Engineering Sciences of the University of Bonn (Az 03.20.02_2020.11). After slaughtering, all products were used for human consumption.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.