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Authors
Liu, Tianlei
Cong, Chunlei
Chen, Jianxin
Jin, Daochao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaoji [2022] 052)
the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaoji [2022] 052)
the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaoji [2022] 052)
the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaoji [2022] 052)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. The study involves spiders ( Ebrechtella tricuspidata ) and other arachnids, which are invertebrates and are exempt from ethical approval requirements according to local legislation and institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
