Han, Lingshu
Ding, Jun
Wang, Heng
Zhang, Yang
Sun, Junxiao
Zhao, Chong
Zhang, Weijie
Zuo, Rantao
Wang, Wenpei
Tian, Ye
Chang, Yaqing
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.: 32373109)
The Major Agricultural Project of the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department (No.: 2023JH1/10200007)
Liaoning Province “Xingliao Talents Plan” project (No.: XLYC2202001)
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.: 2018YFD0901600)
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The sea urchin S. intermedius is neither an endangered nor protected species. All experiments in this study were conducted according to national and institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.