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Authors
Jaworska, Joanna
Tobolski, Dawid
Salem, Shebl E
Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
Ząbek, Tomasz
Szmatoła, Tomasz
Kahler, Anne
Wocławek-Potocka, Izabela
Piórkowska, Katarzyna
de Mestre, Amanda M
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN 2020/36/C/NZ9/00192)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (as revised) and the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments. The study was approved by the Royal Veterinary College Ethics and Welfare Committee, specifically its Animal Welfare Ethical Review Body (AWERB) under UK Home Office project license PL70/8577. For the non-surgical uterine lavage procedure, mares were restrained in stocks and sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (Dormosedan, 10 mg/mL; Pfizer, UK) at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg body weight, administered intravenously. The mares were not euthanised, anaesthetised, or rendered unconscious; detomidine hydrochloride is a potent sedative and analgesic that induces a state of reduced awareness and provides pain relief.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
