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Authors
Du, Jiawei
Guo, Juntao
He, Tongfei
Gao, Ni
Ma, Haobin
Ahmed, Hafiz Qadeer
Li, Huaxuan
Zhu, Huabin
Zan, Linsen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD1300101, 2023YFD1300103)
the Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (22250059)
the Shaanxi Key R&D Program — Core Agricultural Technologies (K3031224096, 2024NYGG005)
the Shaanxi “Two Chains” Special Project (2022GD-TSLD-46-0102)
the China Agriculture Research System — Beef Cattle and Yak (CARS-37)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 6 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Northwest A&F University (Approval No. DK2021042). All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines for the care and use of animals in research, and complied with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
