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Authors
Kipkirui, Erick C
Natasha, Vanessa
Kigen, Collins
Muturi, James W
Kirera, Ronald K
Koech, Margaret C
Kirui, Mary C
Kipkemoi, Nancy C
Ndonye, Janet N
Jerotich, Sheilla
Sang, Luis Pow
Musila, Lillian
Odundo, Elizabeth A
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD), Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch (P0080_17_KY, P0119_18_KY, P0136_19_KY, P0114_22_KY, and P0112_23_KY))
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as described in US Army Regulation 70–25 (approval no. WRAIR#1549/1549A). Ethics approval was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institutional Review Board (approval no. SERU#1549). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment and before any study procedures were performed. For all participants younger than 16 years of age, written informed consent to participate was obtained from a parent or legal guardian prior to inclusion in the study. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
