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Authors
Zhou, Tianci
Li, Ni https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-4407
Li, Jingjie
Chen, Mingxiao https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0566-8220
Li, Youqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-0854
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Foundation (A2025209)
Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau (2024312107)
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2026
Accepted: 21 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Permission No. LYZX-2025-086-01), which waived the requirements for informed consent due to the retrospective design and use of fully de-identified clinical data.
Consent for publication: The requirement for consent for publication was waived by the Ethics Committee.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
