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Article History

Received: 18 May 2026

Accepted: 24 August 2026

First Online: 2 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China on the administration of laboratory animals and the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (approval no. [2020] 056). This study used the same samples as the previously published study. Twelve 3-year-old does were maintained under the same environmental and dietary conditions and subjected to estrus synchronization. Based on mating records, fetuses were obtained by cesarean section on gestational days 45, 55, 65, and 75, and lateral skin was collected from three different fetuses at each stage. Skin samples were collected at Inner Mongolia Jinlai Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), where the environment and facilities complied with the Chinese national standard Laboratory Animal - Requirements of Environment and Housing Facilities (GB 14925 − 2010). This study did not involve endangered or protected species and required no special permits.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.