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Authors
Bian, Chenqi
Cheng, Haijian
You, Wei
Song, Enliang
Lei, Chuzhao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-1037
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Agriculture Research System-beef (CARS-37)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1300103)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1300100 and 2023YFD1300102)
Innovation team of cattle industry in technological system of Shandong modern agriculture industry (SDAIT-09-03)
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2026
Accepted: 18 September 2026
First Online: 29 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All cattle were handled following the guidelines established by the Council for Animal Welfare of China. Approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northwest A&F University (FAPWCNWAFU), under Protocol number NWAFAC 1008, by the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals of China. All procedures and methods conducted complied with pertinent guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
