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Authors
Hamad, Mosab N.M.
Albadrani, Ghadeer M.
Ghazwani, Aisha AM.
Abdelmola, Ammar
Suliman, Rania S.
Mahjaf, Ghanem M.
Fahmy, Shereen A.
Badi, Safaa
Yassin, Habab M.
Othman, Gehan A.
Altaher, Tibyan A.
Noor, Sufian KM.
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the River Nile State Ministry of Health, Sudan, Reference Number: [NVU1224-035]. The study’s objective was communicated to all participants, and their informed consent was secured. All procedures undertaken in studies involving human participants adhered to the institutional and/or national research committee’s ethical standards, the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
