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Authors
Allotey, Emmanuel Alote
Adedia, David
Amponsah, Jones Amo
Boakye, Adjoa Agyemang
Frimpong, Augustina
Gyamfi, Jones
Ninsin, Elorm
Offei, Hayford
Kwansa-Bentum, Henrietta
Kpeli, Grace Semabia
Tetteh, John K. A.
Amegan-Aho, Kokou Hefoume
Atadja, Peter Wisdom
Mosi, Lydia
Duedu, Kwabena Obeng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-5172
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DELTAS Africa (DEL-15-007: Awandare)
China Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho with protocol reference numbers UHAS-REC A.3 [1] 18–19 and UHAS-REC A.12 [39] 20–21. Permission was sought from the Research Directorate of the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH/RPPME/19/1) and the Adaklu District Directorate of the Ghana Education Service (GES/VR/ADEO/48/VOL.1/31).Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians for participants younger than 16 years. Assent was obtained from children aged 5 years and above, in accordance with ethics approval requirements. For participants aged 16 years and above, informed consent was obtained directly from the participant in addition to parental/guardian consent where required.
: Not Applicable.
: PWA has served on the advisory boards of K36 Therapeutics and CommBio Tx. All other others declare no competing interests.
