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Article History

Received: 13 August 2017

Accepted: 27 June 2018

First Online: 25 July 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Approval for this study was obtained from the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board of the University of Calgary. All human samples were collected following the guidelines outlined in the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Tri-Council Policy Statement for the “Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans” dated December 2010.Human blood samples were collected as part of the Critical Care Epidemiologic and Biologic Tissue Resource (CCEPTR). Approval for CCEPTR was granted by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board of the University of Calgary with the Ethics ID for the study E-22236 on April 7, 2009. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients or their substitute decision maker prior to collecting samples. Substitute decision makers provided written consent when the patient was not able to provide consent due to altered level of consciousness or physical impairment. For patients considered as minors, under the age of 18, a legal guardian or parent provided written consent.

: Not applicable to this manuscript.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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