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Authors
Daher, Riham
Durand, Benjamin A.R.N.
Morsli, Madjid
Pouget, Cassandra
Lavigne, Jean-Philippe
Dunyach-Remy, Catherine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes
Université de Montpellier
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Accepted: 26 April 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Declarations
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: All the strains utilized in this research were sourced from the microbiological collection at Nîmes University Hospital (France). Our work adhered to the guidelines of good clinical practice and the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2008. The research was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of University Hospital in Nimes, France, which concluded that patient consent was not necessary for participation, in accordance with national regulations. Since the biological samples were collected as part of routine medical care, the study was classified as non-interventional research. Additionally, the study only involved bacterial strains and did not make use of human samples or clinical data. As per French Public Health Code Articles L1221-1.1, L1211-2, and N°DC-2020-4155, the IRB determined that only the patient’s lack of opposition during sample collection was required. Therefore, the IRB exempted the need for formal consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
