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Authors
Peng, Wen
Wang, Yajing
Wei, Manlin
Liu, Shiba
Liu, Kai
Xiao, Ming
Zhang, Runze
Wang, Yuxiang
Zheng, Yongjie
Fang, Lue
Liu, Yuxi
Zhu, Chunpeng
Meng, Weijing
Dong, Chenyang
Ma, Wanxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xing’an League science, technology project “Development and demonstration of comprehensive supporting technology for efficient and safe utilisation of forage and healthy and high yield for dairy cows”
Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation (No. 2022MS03072)
Young teachers research and innovation ability enhancement program (GXKY22092)
Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Support Project (No. 2022YFXZ0015)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Central Guide Local Development Fund Project (No. 2022ZY0149)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The animal research program was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University (Ethics review number: 2022070116001). The beef cattle used in the experiment were provided by local farmers in Zarut Banner, China, with the knowledge and consent of the owners. After the end of the experiment, the beef cattle were raised normally by farmers. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the national standard “Guidelines for Ethical Review of Animal Welfare” (GB/T 35892-2018).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
