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Authors
Umeda, Shuntaro
Shibata, Shinichiro
Koishikawa, Atsushi
Watanabe, Takamichi
Ohara, Hirotaka
Itoh, Naoya
Matsushima, Asako
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K09423, 19K09423)
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare the following financial interests, which may be considered potential competing interests: the transparent film used in this study was provided by UACJ. UACJ holds a patent (Japan Patent Number: 7474395) related to the content of this article. The patent pertains to a sheet consisting of a resin film and a copper film that contains both copper oxide and nonoxidized copper, with specific proportions to enhance transparency, which is relevant to the present study. The authors have no other competing interests to declare.
