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Authors
Che, Yang
Li, Xiangchen
Zhang, Dongliang
Sang, Guoxin
Gao, Junli
Gao, Junshun
Lu, Yewei
Liu, Zhengwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program Project (2024S040)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LTGY23H190001)
Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program (2023020713)
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All eligible participants who agreed to participate in the program and signed an informed consent form were required to complete a questionnaire (Table ) and provide at least one sputum specimen for subsequent studies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
