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Authors
Guo, Fangfang
Wang, Dan
Wu, Hao
Zhao, Xin
Xu, Fuzhou
Cui, Yifang
Shao, Yuxin
Zhang, Yunpeng
Bu, Weidong
Wen, Tong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31802193)
the R & D Foundation of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (XMS202505)
the Special Program on Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of BAAFS (KJCX20230427)
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study as bacterial isolates were obtained from chickens that had died naturally during disease outbreaks and were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratory of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences for routine diagnostic purposes. No live animals were used in this research. All samples were collected as part of standard veterinary diagnostic procedures following the death of animals due to natural disease progression. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines for microbiological research and biosafety protocols.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
