Siddique, Naim
Arafat, Kh. Yeashir
Gilman, Md Abu Ahsan
Rahman, Md. Morshedur
Das, Ziban Chandra
Islam, Tofazzal
Hoque, M. Nazmul
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education (BANBEIS), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (LS20221764, duration 2023–2025)
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The Animal Research Ethics Committee (AREC) of the Gazipur Agricultural University (Gazipur, Bangladesh) reviewed and approved the experimental procedures of this study (reference number FVMAS/AREC/2023/6679 [16 January 2023]). Written informed consent was obtained from each participating dairy farmer prior to the inclusion of their animals in this study, ensuring ethical compliance and voluntary participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.