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Authors
Ibrahim, Abdirahman Moallim
Mohamed, Lul Mohamud
Aweis, Abdullah Dahir H.
Fidow, Safiyo Qasim
Mohamed, Farhia Abdullahi
Osman, Safiyo Mohamed
Mohamed, Fadumo Abdi
Mohamud, Ismail Ali
Roble, Naciima Mohamud
Osman, Marian Muse
Mohamud, Abdullahi Mohamed
Hussein, Saadaq Adan
Adam, Abdiwahab Sheikh Elmi
Shaba, Abdullahi Adan
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Jazeera University Ethical Review Committee. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for written informed consent was waived by the Jazeera University Ethical Review Committee in accordance with CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines (2016, Guideline 10) and Declaration of Helsinki (2013, Paragraph 32), as this study involved anonymized retrospective data with no patient identifiers. Data were handled confidentially, with no identifiable patient information included in the analysis or reporting.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
