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Authors
Zhou, You
Chang, Lin
Sun, Hui
Li, Wei
Ao, Tianqi
Lin, Jin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study analyzed treated wastewater samples and did not involve direct contact with human participants, the collection of private human data, or any interaction with human subjects. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this research. Sample collection was conducted with the permission of the relevant wastewater treatment companies and in accordance with standard operational procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
