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Authors
Khan, Ruby https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-1944
Khan, Sumbal https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8703-7907
Pari, Bakht
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles and guidelines for research involving animal subjects. Informed consent was obtained from the farm owners and domestic cattle owners prior to their involvement in the study. The study was approved by the Livestock and Dairy Department Ethical Committee Peshawar under Approval Code 2798-70 on April 26, 2017 , as per institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
