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Authors
Tian, Shen
Deng, Jiaxin
Kuang, Dai
lv, Meiping
Zhu, Qiao
Zhang, Nan
Liu, Wei
Yi, Jiling
Xia, Qianfeng
Wang, Yanshuang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82260003)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370018)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360004)
Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (822QN324)
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project (823QN239)
National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development (U24A20747)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2305000)
Nanhai new star” Medical and Health Talent Platform Project in Hainan Province (NHXX WJW-2023015)
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Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval: Not applicable. Experiments involving G. mellonella larvae are not subject to ethical approval under Chinese legislation. Larvae were euthanized by freezing at − 20 °C for 24 h, a humane method for invertebrates.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
