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Authors
Rao, Chongyou
Zhou, You
Han, Lifan
Li, Pei
Geng, Aoyi
Zhong, Qin
Zhou, Jian
He, Kunlun
Zhou, Feihu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Medical Engineering Laboratory of the Chinese PLA General Hospital and the Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine of Chronic Heart Failure
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committees of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University (CYFYLL2023196) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (2023–03-K0026). It was also registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Clinical trial number: ChiCTR2300071422).During the recruitment phase, the researchers provided comprehensive details of the research protocol to all potential participants. All participants provided signed informed consent before undergoing blood and fecal sample collection, as well as the collection of personal information. The participation process strictly adhered to the principle of voluntary participation: participants were allowed to withdraw from the study at any time without providing a reason, and the anonymized data already collected would be retained or deleted according to their preferences.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
