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Authors
Chen, Zhixuan
Yuan, Xinru
Han, Weihua
Shen, Li
Shi, Junhong
Yang, Jinjin
Fu, Jiana
Yang, Can
Gao, Haojin
Huang, Yu
Lv, Jianbo
Yu, Fangyou
Wang, Bingjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Discipline Construction Fund (202509-5576)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272394)
Shanghai Pujiang Program (24PJD094)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (K22-125Y). The informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian, authorizing the use of their clinical data for research purposes and publication. As this study does not constitute a clinical trial, clinical trial registration was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
