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Authors
Xia, Panpan
Wu, Huimin
Chen, Wanzhao
Tian, Rui
Yang, Mengqi
Xu, Shuqin
Zhang, Chenhui
Zeng, Tianyuan
Xia, Lining
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32360910)
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region “Tianshan Talents” Cultivation Program—“Three Rural” Key Talent Development Project (No.: 2023SNGGGCC008)
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved the collection of fecal samples from swine farm workers, swine rectal swabs, and environmental samples. All human participants were adults and voluntarily provided written informed consent prior to sample collection. Because the study involved only non-invasive sampling without the collection of identifiable personal or clinical data, the requirement for formal ethical review was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Xinjiang Agricultural University, in accordance with national and institutional regulations. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was also obtained from all farm owners prior to the collection of animal and environmental samples. All sampling activities were conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines and local legislation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
