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Article History

Received: 9 July 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: “ L’Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer” holds the authorization for fishing (Decision n°700/2023, Inter-regional direction of Mediterranean Sea), and using animals for scientific purposes (A 06 918 012). Wild fish were caught by a competent person and in accordance with European animal welfare regulations. As the fish were collected dead, no animal experimentation procedures were performed on them; therefore, no additional permission from ethics committees was required for this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.