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Authors
Mangieri, Nicola
Gaufin, Thaidra
Ghatbale, Pooja
Pride, David T.
Picozzi, Claudia
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Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: Human subject involvement in this study was approved by the University of California, San Diego Administrative Panel on Human Subjects in Medical Research (protocol#160524). The study was approved as category 4 exempt, which includes research involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, or diagnostic specimens, if the information is recorded in such a manner that human subjects cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects. Under this IRB (Institutional Review Board) exemption protocol, there is no direct contact with human subjects, no subject identifiers used in the research, and the informed consent process is waived. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
